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Background In the process of radiotherapy, when radiation kills tumor cells, it inevitably damages normal tissue cells. Objective To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor−kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the improvement of cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation by hydrogen-rich water before and after whole brain irradiation in rats. Methods Fifteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, irradiated group (IR group), and hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HRW group), with 5 rats in each group. The control group was not irradiated, but was given purified water (20 mL·kg−1) by gavage every day, while the IR group and the IR+HRW group were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy. Three days before, 10 min before, and 30 days after irradiation, purified water/hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg−1) was given by continuous gavage every day. The general condition of the rats was observed every day, and the body weight were measured on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days after irradiation. On the 30th day after irradiation, the learning and memory ability of the rats was tested by Morris water maze; the pathological changes of hippocampus were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining after sacrificing the rats; the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and hydroxyl radicals in brain tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in the hippocampus of rats. Results After irradiation, the rats in the IR group showed symptoms such as head hair removal and salivation, while the symptoms of the rats in the IR+HRW group were milder. No animal died in the control and the IR+HRW groups, while one rat died in the IR group. From day 14 to day 30 after irradiation, the body weight of the rats in the IR+HRW group tended to be higher than that in the IR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The Morris water maze results showed that the escape latency of the IR+HRW group was shortened compared with that of IR group from day 1 to day 5 except day 3, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). For the rats in the IR+HRW group, it took less time to reach the original location of the platform after removing the platform on day 6 and the number of crossing the platform and the residence time in the original platform quadrant increased (P<0.05). The HE staining showed that the number of hippocampal cells in the IR+HRW group was slightly reduced and arranged neatly, without obvious nuclear hyperchromatic and pyknotic phenomenon. The ELISA results showed that the MDA and hydroxyl radical levels were decreased in the IR+HRW group compared with the IR group (P<0.05), the GSH content was increased, and the IL-1β concentration was decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3 were also decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 protein in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 protein were also decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water can improve cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation in rats, and its mechanism may be related to regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammatory factors, and attenuating oxidative stress.
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Background At present, radiation therapy is widely used in clinical treatment of tumors. However, while radiation therapy damages tumor cells, it also injures surrounding normal tissues. Studies have shown that hydrogen is a potential radiation-protective agent. Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cysteinyl aspartate specificproteinase-9 (Caspase-9) signaling pathway in acute radiation-induced brain injury. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, irradiation only group (IR), high-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HHRW), and low-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+LHRW), 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group, animals in each group received a single 20 Gy whole brain irradiation. Animals in all groups were gavaged once a day from 3 d before irradiation to 7 d after irradiation, pure water (20 mL·kg−1) was given to the control and the IR groups, and hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg−1, 10 mL·kg−1) was given to the IR+HHRW and the IR+LHRW groups. After 7 d of intervention, 5 rats in each group were selected for the Morris water maze experiment for behavioral evaluation. Autopsies were conducted after anesthesia for the remaining animals and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. Rat brains were harvested for TUNEL staining to observe neuronal apoptosis. HE staining was performed to observe histopathological changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to detect oxidative stress-related indicators, and real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expressions of PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 pathway-related genes and proteins. Results The body weight of rats receiving irradiation decreased after 7 d of irradiation compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the symptoms such as arched back and malaise occurred to varying degrees, and the symptoms of rats in the IR+HHRW group were significantly milder than those in the IR group. The behavioral test results showed that the escape latency of rats in the IR+HHRW group or the IR+LHRW group was shorter than that in the IR group from day 2 to day 5 (P<0.05), and it took less time for rats in the IR+HHRW group to reach the original position after removing the platform on day 6 (P<0.05). The hematological test results showed that red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) level, and white blood cell (WBC) count were significantly decreased in the IR group (P<0.05), and the changes in the IR+HHRW group were improved (P<0.05). The HE staining results showed that the number of abnormal nerve cells, broken and dissolved nuclei, and the degree of damage in the IR+HHRW group were significantly reduced than those in the IR group. The results of oxidative stress evaluation showed that the ability of the IR group to inhibit free radicals decreased, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased (P<0.01); the MDA level decreased after LHRW intervention (P<0.05); the SOD activity was elevated after HHRW intervention (P<0.05). The TUNEL staining results showed that the apoptosis signals in the IR+HHRW group were sparser than those in the IR group (P<0.05). The real-time PCR results showed that compared with the IR group, the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT in the IR+HHRW group and the IR+LHRW group increased (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of Cytc and Caspase-9 decreased (P<0.05). The Western blotting results showed that compared with the IR group, the phospho-AKT (pAKT) protein expression level in the IR+HHRW group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the expression of Caspase-9 and Cytc proteins decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water can significantly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress caused by acute irradiation-induced brain injury, and decrease neuronal apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 signaling pathway.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of speech imagery therapy combined with traditional dysarthria training on dysarthria in children with cerebral palsy. MethodsFrom August to December, 2022, 21 children with cerebral palsy combined with dysarthria in Wuhu Fifth People's Hospital were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A was given traditional dysarthria training for 30 minutes everytime, group B was given implantable speech imagery combined with traditional dysarthria training for 40 minutes everytime, and group C was given additional speech imagery combined with traditional dysarthria training for 40 minutes everytime, five days a week, for three weeks. Articulation and Phonology Assessment Scale, Mouth Sensory-Motor Assessment Scale, and mandibular distance, tongue distance and vowel space area (VSA) were evaluated before and after treatment. ResultsThere was no significant difference in all the indexes among three groups before treatment (F < 1.247, P > 0.05). After treatment, the scores of phonological function and sensory-motor assessment scale increased (|t| > 2.575, P < 0.05), and the mandibular distance and VSA increased in groups A and B (|t| > 2.632, P < 0.05). The d-value of phonological function before and after treatment was more in groups B and C than in group A (P < 0.05), and no difference was found in the d-value of other indexes before and after treatment among three groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionBoth speech imagery therapies are effective in improving diction clarity, oral range of motion, and motion control ability in children with cerebral palsy, and are more effective in improving articulatory clarity than traditional speech-language training.
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ObjectiveTo discuss the diagnosis, assessment and rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy complicated with speech disorder based on the tools of World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs). MethodsThe diagnosis of speech disorder after cerebral palsy was classified using International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). The disorders of speech function were classified using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). A structured speech function rehabilitation solution was developed based on the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHIβ-3). ResultsAccording to ICD-11, cerebral palsy was classified as 08 Neurological Disorder, which was further classified as 8D20.0 Spastic Unilateral Cerebral Palsy and 8D20.1 Spastic Bilateral Cerebral Palsy (8D20.10 Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy and 8D20.11 Spastic Bilateral Cerebral Palsy), with the speech disorders involving 6A00 Disorders of Intellectual Development, 6A01 Developmental Speech or Language Disorders, MA80 Speech Disturbances, MA81 Speech Dysfluency and MA82 Voice Disturbances. For ICF, the speech disorders mainly involved s1 structures of the nervous system, s3 structures invoved in voice and speech, b3 voice and speech functions, d1 learning and applying knowledge, and environment and individual factors; and could be further classified as b310 voice functions, b320 articulation functions, and b330 fluency and rhythm of speech functions. Based on ICHIβ-3, a rehabilitation solution was developed, involving the areas of body structure and function, activity and participation, and environmental factors. ConclusionBased on ICD-11, ICF and ICHIβ-3, a methodological system of assessment and interventions for speech disorders after cerebral palsy has been systematically constructed, including diagnosis of disease, assessment, intervention and coding of speech disorder.
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Objective:To investigate the role of LncRNA ZBED3-AS1 in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in osteoporotic rats through regulating miR-339-5p/Notch 1.Methods:The rat models of sham operation (Sham) group and model (Model) group were established, and the bone mineral density (BMD) of rats was examined. Rat osteoblasts were isolated and the expression of ZBED3-AS1 and miR-339-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. The osteoblasts of rats in Sham group and Model group were divided into different groups and transfected. CCK8, alizarin red (AR-S) staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were used to detect the proliferation and differentiation ability of cells in each group. The distribution of ZBED3-AS1 in cells was determined by FISH assay. Double luciferase report confirmed the relationship between ZBED3-AS1 and miR-339-5p as well as miR-339-5p and Notch 1.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Notch pathway related factors.Results:The bone mineral density of femur in Model group was significantly lower than that in Sham group ( P=0.0057) . Compared with Sham group, the expression of ZBED3-AS1 in osteoblasts of Model group was lower, while that of miR-339-5p was higher (all P<0.05) . Overexpression of ZBED3-AS1 could promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, while knockdown of ZBED3-AS1 could inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (all P<0.05) . ZBED3-AS1 could regulate miR-339-5p as ceRNA (all P<0.05) . Overexpression of miR-339-5p can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, which can be partially saved by overexpression of ZBED3-AS1. Notch 1 was confirmed as a target of miR-339-5p, at the same time, interfering with the expression of ZBED3-AS1/miR-339-5p can affect the expression of Notch-1 protein, and the regulation of ZBED3-AS1/miR-339-5p on osteoblasts may be realized through Notch pathway. Conclusion:ZBED3-AS1 can be used as ceRNA to regulate miR-339-5p, and then affect the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in osteoporotic rats.
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OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with radiation-induced rat lung injury, and to reveal the protective mechanism for mild hypothermia in the radiation-induced lung injury in rats at the transcriptome level.@*METHODS@#A total of 10 male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups to establish a rat model of radiation-induced lung injury, and one group was treated with mild hypothermia. RNA was extracted from left lung tissue of each group, and sequenced by BGISEQ-500 platform. Significance analysis of DEGs was carried out by edgeR software. Gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to analyze the gene function. Then 5 key DEGs were verified by real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#There were 2 790 DEGs (false discovery rate<0.001, |log@*CONCLUSIONS@#The DEGs and pathways related to mild hypothermia protection against radiation-induced lung injury in rats are obtained, which provides an experimental basis for the protection of mild hypothermia against radiation-induced lung injury.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Gene Expression Profiling , Hypothermia , Lung Injury , RNA-Seq , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical value of serum sialic acid (SA) for brain glioma diagnosis.Methods:Sixty patients with brain glioma and 60 normal persons (control group) in Deqing People's Hospital from January 2016 to September 2018 were collected, and all the brain glioma patients were divided into low grade group and high grade group according to the pathological grading. The serum SA levels of all the subjects were detected by photocolorimetric method, and the results were analyzed statistically.Results:The positive rate of SA in control group, low grade group and high grade group was 1.7%(1/60), 59.1%(13/22) and 81.6%(31/38), and there was significant difference ( χ2= 6.49, P<0.05). The positive rate in high grade group was higher than that in low grade group and control group, the positive rate in low grade group was higher than that in control group, and there was significant difference ( P<0.05). The level of SA in control group, low grade group and high grade group was 50.9(46.1-58.1), 55.6(48.2-60.9), 64.8(57.9-73.9) mg/L, and there was significant difference ( H= 15.56, P<0.05). The level of SA in high grade group was higher than that in low grade group and control group, the level of SA in low grade group was higher than that in control group, and there was significant difference ( P<0.05). After operation, the level of SA was decreased. At 6 months after operation, the level of SA in low grade group and high grade group was significantly lower than that before operation [low grade group: 50.4 (48.0-59.1) mg/L vs. 55.6(48.2-60.9) mg/L; high grade group: 60.1 (46.0-62.4) mg/L vs. 64.8(57.9-73.9) mg/L] ( P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, the level of SA in high grade group was significantly higher than that in control group [60.1 (46.0-62.4) mg/L vs. 50.9(46.1-58.1) mg/L](P<0.05), but in lower grade group, there was no significant difference [50.4 (48.0-59.1) mg/L vs. 50.9(46.1-58.1) mg/L]( P>0.05). Conclusions:Serum SA can be used in auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for brain glioma.
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Objective@#To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of deep learning in CT image segmentation and further lesion-volume assessment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.@*Methods@#A total of 1 223 cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage including parenchymal hemorrhage, ventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and mixture hemorrhage, from April 2016 to April 2018 in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, were retrospectively enrolled and analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into training set (905 cases), validation set (156 cases) and test set (162 cases), among each group, the number of parenchymal hemorrhage was 498, 107 and 100, respectively. The bleeding area manually outlined by physician was served as the reference standard to build the segmentation model and to evaluate the performance of the validation set. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the volume calculated by reference standard. The volume of hematoma in group 1 was less than 5 ml, while group 2 was 5-25 ml, and group 3 was more than 25 ml. Comparison of the hematoma volume calculated by segmentation model and that calculated by ABC/2 formula was conducted in 97 simple intraparenchymal hemorrhage cases.@*Results@#In 162 cases of test set, the Dice coefficients of the segmentation model were 0.87, 0.85, 0.67 and 0.77 in parenchymal hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and mixture hemorrhage, respectively. The estimated hematoma volume in the 97 intraparenchymal hemorrhage cases calculated by the segmentation model was (29.55±37.69) ml, and that calculated by the ABC/2 formula was (24.04±31.22) ml. Compared with reference standard, the absolute errors of three segmentation model were (0.52±0.54), (1.53±1.22) and (7.93±8.49) ml in group 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The absolute errors of the ABC/2 formula were (0.68±0.60), (3.16±2.90) and (19.31±17.23) ml in group 1, 2 and 3.@*Conclusion@#Deep learning based segmentation model improved detection of intraparenchymal hematoma volume, compared with ABC/2 formula.
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Objective@#To investigate the molecular mechanism of poor response of nucleoside and interferon therapy in some patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and the negative regulatory factor of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in the interferon-signaling pathway. Also, study the clinical relationship between SOCS3 and antiviral efficacy of nucleoside and interferon.@*Methods@#Peripheral blood and matched liver tissue samples from 54 CHB patients who participated in the OSST study were selected. HBsAg was measured at different time points (baseline and weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48) to observe the antiviral efficacy. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of SOCS3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and matched liver tissues (baseline and 48 weeks). At the end of the 48-week treatment, patients with HBsAg negative or HBeAg seroconversion were defined as response group, and vice versa. Paired t-tests were used to compare normal distribution variables and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the median differences between groups of non-normally distributed variables.@*Results@#After 48 weeks of treatment, serum HBsAg levels in the Peg-IFN group continued to decline (average decrease of 1.14 log10 IU / ml at week 48; P = 0.001 compared with baseline), while the entecavir group remained almost unchanged during treatment (average decrease was 0.05 log10 IU / ml at week 48; compared with baseline P = 0.12). The expression of SOCS3 mRNA (Messenger RNA, mRNA) in peripheral blood and liver tissues of non-responder group was significantly higher than the response group in the course of Peg-IFNα2a treatment. The immunohistochemical results of liver tissue showed that the expression of SOCS3 in the non-responder group was significantly higher than that in the response group at baseline (P = 0.027). After 48 weeks of treatment with Peg-IFNα2a, the expression of SOCS3 in the non-responder group was significantly higher than that in the baseline and response groups (P = 0.003, P = 0.012, respectively).@*Conclusion@#The expression of SOCS3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver tissues of non-responding CHB patients was significantly higher than that of responding CHB patients during interferon and nucleoside antiviral therapy. We speculated that SOCS3 might affect the antiviral efficacy through negative regulation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and partly expose the mechanism of interferon resistance.
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OBJECTIVE： To prepare Magnetic graphene oxide modified by folic acid （FA-GO-Fe3O4）， and to characterize it and study its magnetism. METHODS： Using graphene oxide （GO）， ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate as raw material， magnetic graphene oxide （GO-Fe3O4） was synthesized by hydrothermal coprecipitation method. FA-GO-Fe3O4 was obtained by linking amido bond to folic acid. GO， GO-Fe3O4 and FA-GO-Fe3O4 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy， infrared spectroscopy， X-ray diffraction （XRD） and particle size and Zeta potential analyzer respectively. Zeta potential was measured. The magnetism of FA-GO-Fe3O4 were investigated by the action of external magnetic field and hysteresis loop. RESULTS： Compared with GO and GO-Fe3O4， scanning electron microscopy and XRD showed that the structure of GO destroyed in the synthesis of FA-GO-Fe3O4， and there were particles attached on the surface， and amorphous phase peaks between 15 ° and 30 °. Infrared spectroscopy showed that FA-GO-Fe3O4 had absorption peaks at 574 cm－1 and 1 640 cm－1， which belonged to the characteristic absorption of Fe-O and —CONH— respectively. Zeta potentials of GO， GO-Fe3O4 and FA-GO-Fe3O4 were －24， 5.62 and －22.7 mV， respectively. FA-GO-Fe3O4 had obvious magnetism under external magnetic field， and its saturation magnetization was about 20-25 emu/g under room temperature and applied positive and negative magnetic fields. CONCLUSIONS： FA-GO-Fe3O4 prepared in this study has superparamagnetism and is more stable than GO-Fe3O4.
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Antimicrobial agents are widely used in gynecologic inflammation and surgical period, so as to cure some infectious diseases, reduce the chance of surgical incision infection, but at the same time, there are many adverse reactions. The use of nursing interventions in obstetrics and gynecology can significantly reduce the adverse drug reactions in the treatment. The results showed that the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 8.8%, while that in the control group was 15.6%. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [P<0.05]. The results showed that the nursing intervention in obstetrics and gynecology could reduce the adverse drug reactions. In a word, the nursing intervention of obstetrics and gynecology can greatly reduce the adverse reaction of antibiotics and has certain application value. It is worth popularizing in clinical practice
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on rat cognitive dysfunction induced by ionizing radiation.Methods A total of 20 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with the ramdom number table method: control group(C),hydrogen-rich water group(HRW),irradiation group(IR)and hydrogen-rich water intervention group(HRW+IR),with 5 rats in each group.The spatial memory ability of rats was tested by a morris water maze.The expression of apoptosis-related genes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The changes of glutathione(GSH),8-hydroxydeoxy guanosine(8-OHdG)and malondialdehyde(MDA)and SOD were also measured.Results The escape latency(F＝6.003,P＜0.05)and the swimming distances(F＝3.850,P＜0.05)of rats in four different groups had statistically significant differences.Compared with the IR group,the escape latency of the HRW+IR group was significantly decreased at 3,4,5 d after irradiation(P＜0.05),and the swimming distance of this group became much longer(P＜0.05).The levels of GSH,8-OHdG and MDA in these four groups had statistically significant differences(F＝6.450,5.033,4.113,P＜0.05).Compared with IR group,the concentration of GSH was increased(P＜0.05),but MDA and 8-OHdG decreased(P＜0.05)in the brain tissue of HRW+IR group,and the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and bax genes were reduced(t＝2.956,3.087,5.246,P＜0.05),while the expression of bcl-2 gene was enhanced(t ＝-3.640,P ＜0.05)in the HRW+IR group.Conclusions Hydrogen-rich water attenuates the oxidative damage of ionizing radiation by neutralizing oxyhydrogen free radicals and thus protects brain from radiation damage.
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Objective To observe the degradation time and the intimal hyperplasia of biodegradable magnesium alloy stent (MPM) implanted in the abdominal aorta of experimental rabbits.Methods A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (30 d,60 d,90 d and 180 d) with 6 rabbits in each group.In cach rabbit one MPM stent was implanted in the abdominal aorta at the level of one cm below the left renal artery.Reexamination of abdominal aortography with DSA was separately performed at 30,60,90 and 180 d after stent implantation to check the stent condition.The rabbits of each group were sacrificed at the corresponding scheduled day,the stenting segment of aorta of each rabbit was removed and the specimen was sent for microscopic examination.The experimental results were analyzed with SPSS20.0 software.Results All the 24 experimental rabbits survived.During the follow-up period the stent showed gradual degradation changes,and basically complete degradation was not observed until to 180 days.Meanwhile,the intimal hyperplasia reached its peak at 90 days after implantation.The abdominal aorta remained unobstructed during the whole process of degradation.Conclusion The time of complete degradation for MPM stent is 182 days,which is long enough to meet the needs of vascular positive remodeling.
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Objective@#To evaluate the diagnostic value and feasibility of narrow-band imaging in detection of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).@*Methods@#One thousand three hundred and sixty-four NPC patients who had completed NPC treatment were enrolled. All patients were followed-up with imaging, serological examination of EB virus and nasopharyngeal endoscopy(WL and NBI mode), in which (1) both white light (WL) and NBI modes were done; (2) positive endoscopic patients were given nasopharyngeal biopsy; (3) using histologic finding as criterion standard, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Yonden′s index of two modes were compared. Kappa index was used to evaluate the consistency between the two modes and pathological results respectively; (4) the positive rates of WL and NBI in patients with early recurrent (stage Ⅰ+ Ⅱ) were compared.@*Results@#A total of 265 cases were suspected as having recurrent lesions by endoscopy in WL mode and 68 cases of them were pathologically diagnosed as having NPC; and 82 cases were suspected as having recurrent lesions by endoscopy in NBI mode and 74 cases of them were pathologically diagnosed as having NPC. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Yonden′s index of WL mode were 91.89%, 0, 25.09% and -0.0811, respectively, with a kappa of -0.045; the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Yonden′s index of NBI mode were 100.00%, 95.94%, 97.05% and 0.9594, respectively.@*Conclusion@#NBI has higher sensitivity, specificity, early diagnosis rate and Yonden′s index than WL.
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Objective To discuss the application of different types of bronchial arteriography catheter in performing bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for the treatment of hemoptysis.Methods The clinical data of a total of 97 patients with hemoptysis,who received BAE during the period from January 2013 to May 2016,were collected.According to angiographic findings in aspect of the opening and running direction of the arteries causing bleeding,the responsible arteries were divided into 4 types:upward opening,horizontal opening and running upwards,horizontal opening and running downwards,and downward opening.For each responsible artery,appropriate angiography catheter was selected from the following catheters:MIK catheter,left gastric artery catheter,Cobra catheter,Simmon-1 catheter and Simmon-2 catheter.With super-selective catheterization technique the selected suitable catheter was inserted into the responsible artery and angiography was subsequently performed.The effect of the selection of bronchial arteriography catheter in performing BAE for hemoptysis was analyzed.Results A total of 180 responsible arteries were detected in 97 patients.Of the 180 responsible arteries,artery with upward opening was seen in 42,artery with horizontal opening and running upwards was found in 54,artery with horizontal opening and running downwards was observed in 46,and artery with downward opening was detected in 38.The success rates of super-selective catheterization for MIK catheter,left gastric artery catheter,Cobra catheter and Simmon catheter were 83.3％ (35/42),92.6％ (50/54),87.0％ (40/46) and 89.5％ (34/38,including 30 Simmon-1 catheters and 4 Simmon-2 catheters) respectively.After BAE,the responsible arteries were occluded in all patients,and hemoptysis stopped immediately.The recurrence rate at 6 months after BAE was 7.2％ (7/97).Conclusion For the treatment of hemoptysis,BAE is safe and effective.The key point to ensure a successful BAE is that the selection of appropriate catheter should be based on the opening and running direction of the artery causing bleeding.
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Aim To explore the effects of hypertension on the contractibility of rat basilar artery and its inter-actions with the sodium pump activity.Methods The basilar artery was respectively isolated from Wistar and SHR rats,and the isometric tension of arterial rings was measured by Multi Myograph System-610M.The cont-ractibilities of arterial rings induced by KCl or 5-HT were compared between the basilar arteries of the two groups of rats to analyze the effect of hypertension on the cerebral vascular tension and the activity of sodium pump.Results In SHR rats,the concentration-re-sponse curves of the contraction of isolated basilar ar-tery rings induced by KCl and 5-HT were significantly shifted to right,and the relaxation of vascular tone in-duced by K+which was reintroduced from the external was attenuated compared with those in the WR.These results suggested that hypertension could significantly decrease the activity of the sodium pump and the con-tractile responses of KCl and 5-HT.OUA could con-tract the basilar artery in a concentration-dependent manner,and its concentration-response curve was opti-mally fitted by a two-site binding model:Kd was 1.7 ×10 -8 and 1.6 ×10 -5 mol·L-1,respectively.The results indicated that the two different function sodium pumps existed in the rat basilar artery:one with the high OUA affinity and the other with the low OUA af-finity.If the high and low affinity sodium pumps were inhibited by 5 ×10 -7 and 10 -4 mol · L-1 OUA,re-spectively,the concentration-response curves of KCl and 5-HT would shift to left in SHR rats but not in WR rats.It suggested that OUA could enhance the contrac-tion induced by KCl and 5-HT significantly,and a concentration-dependent effect was observed in the SHR vascular contraction induced by 5-HT (r =0.9393 ,P<0.05 ).When the two concentrations of OUA were applied,there was no significant difference in the shift left of the concentration-response curves in-duced by KCl in the SHR cerebral vessels.However, the marked difference was shown in the shift left in-duced by 5-HT.The results implied that only the high affinity sodium pump was involved in the contractile re-sponse of SHR cerebral vascular to KCl,whereas,the contractile response of SHR cerebral vascular to 5-HT was induced by both high and low affinity sodium pumps.Conclusion Hypertension could lower the contractile response of the basilar artery to vasocon-strictors,and the mechanism might relate to the de-creased sensitivity of the sodium pump induced by hy-pertension or the increased sensibility of the sodium pump to OUA.
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The previous investigation has proved that their existed pharmacokinetic difference between the different crystal forms of the polymorphic drugs after oral administration. However, no systemic investigations have been made on the change of this pharmacokinetic difference, resulted either from the physiological or from the pathological factors. In this paper, we used polymorphic nimodipine (Nim) as a model drug and investigated the effect of age difference (2- and 9-month old) on the pharmacokinetics after oral delivery in rats. As the results shown, for L-form of Nim (L-Nim), the AUCin 2-month-old rats was 343.68±47.15 ng·h/mL, which is 23.36% higher than that in 9-month-old rats. For H-form of Nim (H-Nim), the AUCin 2-month-old rats was 140.91±19.47 ng·h/mL, which is 54.64% higher than that in 9-month-old rats. The AUCratio between H-Nim and L-Nim was 2.44 in 2-month-old rats and 3.06 in 9-month-old rats. Since age difference could result in unparallelled change of the absorption and bioavailability of the polymorphic drugs, the results in this experiment are of value for further investigation of crystal form selection in clinical trials and rational clinical application of the polymorphic drugs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacies of different treatments for recurrent cervical lymph nodes and the factors contributing to prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 79 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed, and all cases were diagnosed as having recurrent cervical lymph nodes by pathological examination. The factors including sex, age, the interval between completion of radiotherapy and recurrence, rN stage, treatment methods, and the location relationship between recurrent lesion and primary tumor in the neck were analyzed for prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curves, Log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazards regression mode were used in the statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median recurrence time was 26 months, and the 1- , 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 77.9%, 53.4% and 39.7%. Cox's proportional hazards regression mode analysis indicated that age, rN stage, treatment methods, and the location relationship between recurrent lesion and primary tumor were significantly prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neck dissection is superior to re-radiotherapy in treatment of recurrent cervical lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. The patients younger than 45 years old, in early rN stage and for recurrence in the center region of primary tumor have a better prognosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Radiotherapy , Neck , Neck Dissection , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , General Surgery , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the treatment and prognosis for rN3 neck recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after primary radiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 37 cases with rN3 neck recurrence after radiotherapy in NPC between October 2003 and August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Of them 19 cases presented with lymph node (LN) metastasis in supraclavicular fossa, 18 cases had metastasis LN > 6 cm, 10 cases received chemoradiotherapy, and 27 cases underwent neck dissection including modified radical neck dissection (MRND) for 9 cases, radical neck dissection (RND) for 18 cases. Six of 18 cases with RND underwent reconstructive surgery with pectoralis major flap, 12 cases received postoperative radiotherapy and 20 cases had postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight patients had documented recurrence or residue, 17 patients developed distant metastases, one patient showed recurrence and distant metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 27.5% and 21.6% respectively, and the median survival time was 41 months. The survival rate in surgery group was significantly higher than that in chemoradiotherapy group, and the prognosis of patients with LN > 6 cm was better than that of patients with metastasis LN to supraclavicular fossa.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with rN3 NPC are prone to metastasis, and patients with supraclavicular fossa lymph node metastasis had poor prognosis. Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy is an effective treatment for the patients without distant metastasis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Carcinoma , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Lymph Nodes , Lymphatic Metastasis , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Neck , Neck Dissection , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Diagnosis , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
AIM:Toinvestigatewhetherautophagyisup-regulatedwhenresveratrol(Res)inducesapoptosis in chondrosarcoma , and to study the effects of autophagy inhibitor combined with Res on chondrosarcoma .METHODS:SW1353 cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, Res group, 3-methyladenine (3MA) group, and Res +3MA group.Electron microscopy was used to observe the autophagyosomes in control group and Res group .At the same time, the viability of the cells in the 4 groups was detected by CCK-8 assay.TUNEL staining and Western blotting (for determi-ning the levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) were used to reflect levels of apoptosis in all groups .The expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin 1, LC3-Ⅱ and p62 was detected by Western blotting .RESULTS: Exposure of the cells to Res resulted in a decrease in cell viability and an increase in the level of apoptosis ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with control group, the level of apoptosis was increased but the autophagy was decreased (P <0.05).Compared with Res group, the cell viability and the level of autophagy were decreased and the level of apoptosis was increased ( P<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION:Resveratrol induces apoptosis and autophagy , and inhibition of autophgay enhances resveratrol-induced apoptosis in chondrosarcoma .